Methods and systems for interference management

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems for interference management are described. Methods and systems can be used for minimizing interference among communication and/or electronic devices. Interference data can be gathered/received from interference sources such as weather and natural patterns, various electronic devices, and one or more network protocols. The interference data can be used to generate interference patterns of each interference source in an interference map. The interference map can be used to determine how a particular interference pattern can affect a system. The interference map can also be used to evaluate a new source of interference (e.g., cordless phones, weather conditions) to determine how a system can be affected. The interference data can also be associated with an interference signature (e.g., an interference pattern, a fingerprint) for an interference source in a database. The database can be used based on the interference signature to identify known and/or unknown interference sources.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, and is acontinuation of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/716,628, filed onApr. 8, 2022, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, and is acontinuation of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/689,809, filed onNov. 20, 2019, (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,329,679), which claims priorityunder 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, and is a continuation of, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/783,842, filed on Oct. 13, 2017 (now U.S. Pat.No. 10,530,406), which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, and isa continuation of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/680,651, filed onApr. 7, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,843,347), the entire contents of eachof which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entiretyfor all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Communication devices are often affected by interference. Common typesof interference can comprise crosstalk or co-channel interference (CCI),inter-carrier interference (ICI) from signal modulation, electromagneticinterference (EMI) from an emission from an external source, and thelike. Weather conditions can also affect the transmission of signalsthrough air, thereby changing operating conditions of communicationdevices relying on those signals. Thus, there is a need for moresophisticated methods and systems for interference management. These andother shortcomings are addressed in the present disclosure.

SUMMARY

It is to be understood that both the following general description andthe following detailed description are examples and explanatory only andare not restrictive. Methods and systems for interference management aredisclosed. The disclosed methods and systems can be used for minimizinginterference among devices in a system. Interference data can bereceived and/or gathered from interference sources, sensors that monitorinterference sources, combinations thereof, and the like. Examples ofinterference sources can comprise various devices. The various devicescan include communication, and/or electronic devices including bothwired and wireless devices (e.g., microwave ovens, printers, computers,tablets, telephones, cordless phones, network nodes, network devices,set top boxes, televisions, radios, communication terminals, powerlines, transmitters, various communication protocols used by devices,and the like). Interference sources can also comprise non-devices suchas weather conditions and other natural phenomena. The interference datacan be used to create and/or generate interference patterns for eachinterference source. The interference patterns can be mapped to aninterference map, which can illustrate spatial relationships of theinterference patterns, interference sources, non-interference objects(e.g., furniture, walls, and the like), combinations thereof, and thelike. The interference map can be used to determine how a particularinterference pattern can affect the system. The interference map canalso be used to evaluate an unknown or a new source of interference(e.g., a cordless phone, a weather condition) to determine how thesystem might be affected. The interference map can be used as a guide tomodify one or more characteristics of one or more of the interferencesources to minimize interference in the system. The interference datafrom an interference source and the generated interference patterns canalso be associated with an interference signature (e.g., a fingerprint)in a database. The interference signature can be searched to identifyknown and/or unknown interference sources.

In an aspect, an example method can comprise receiving interference datafrom a plurality of interference sources, sensors that monitorinterference sources, combinations thereof, and the like. In an aspect,an interference pattern can be created and/or generated based on theinterference data received. The interference pattern can comprise aspatial distribution of the interference for each of the plurality ofinterference sources associated with a frequency spectrum. As anexample, the interference pattern can be a set of data and/or a plot ofthe set of data in the form of spatial coordinates of a specificlocation, a received signal strength indication (RSSI) value (e.g., −74dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g.,2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ), a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, long termevolution (LTE)) at the spatial coordinates of the specific location(e.g., global positioning system (GPS) coordinates), combinationsthereof, and the like. In an aspect, a change in the interferencepattern can be determined. The change in the interference pattern can beused to infer a new interference source or a change in a knowninterference source of the plurality of interference sources. In anaspect, an interference source that contributes to the change in theinterference pattern can be determined based on the change in theinterference pattern. For example, the interference source can bedetermined by comparing known interference patterns of knowninterference sources stored in a database to the changed interferencepattern. For example, each interference source can have a uniqueinterference pattern, which can be used to create and/or generate aninterference signature for each interference source. Interference sourceinformation can be included in the interference signature such as anoperation frequency, a signal strength level, a location, a power level,user information, and/or the like to identify the interference source.To determine which interference source caused the change in theinterference pattern, stored interference signatures can be compared tointerference data gathered/received and generated interference patterns.For example, if the change in the interference pattern indicates afrequency that matches an operation frequency stored in an interferencesignature of a known interference source, then the interference sourcethat caused the changed interference pattern is likely the knowninterference source that has the same operation frequency.

In an aspect, an example method can comprise receiving interference datafrom a plurality of interference sources. In an aspect, the interferencedata can be associated with spatial coordinates of the plurality ofinterference sources in a defined space (e.g., room, building, home,office, park, and the like). One or more positioning devices (e.g., aglobal positioning system (GPS), an accelerometer, a pressure sensor,and/or the like) installed in a computing device can determine thespatial coordinates (e.g., dimensions, an altitude) of the definedspace. The computing device can also receive interference dataassociated with each spatial coordinate. The computing device can beconfigured to receive interference data such as radio interference data,microwave interference data, infrared interference data, visible lightinterference data, ultraviolet interference data, X-ray interferencedata, combinations thereof, and the like. In an aspect, the computingdevice can receive signals and determine the interference data from thereceived signals. In an aspect, an interference pattern can be createdand/or generated based on the interference data and the respectivespatial coordinates of the plurality of interference sources. Theinterference pattern can be created and/or generated by plotting theinterference data at the respective spatial coordinates on aninterference map. The interference map can be stored in a database. Inan aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be detected. Thecomputing device can monitor the interference pattern of a defined spaceand compare the monitored interference pattern to the storedinterference map to determine whether the interference pattern haschanged. In an aspect, an interference source of the plurality ofinterference sources that contributes to the change in the interferencepattern can also be determined. Each interference source of theplurality of interference sources can have a unique interferencepattern, which can be used to create and/or generate an interferencesignature for each interference source. Interference source informationcan be included in the interference signature. Interference sourceinformation can comprise an operation frequency, a signal strengthlevel, a location, a power level, user information, and/or the like. Todetermine which interference source caused the change in theinterference pattern, stored interference signatures can be compared tointerference data gathered and/or received and interference patternscreated and/or generated. For example, if the change in the interferencepattern indicates a frequency that matches an operation frequency in aninterference signature of a known interference source, then theinterference source that caused the changed interference pattern islikely the known interference source that has the same operationfrequency.

In an aspect, an example method can comprise determining a firstperformance level of an interference source of a system comprising aplurality of interference sources. The first performance level can be alevel of one or more performance parameters of the interference sourcesuch as a number of errors occurring in the interference source, a speedof the interference source, and/or the like. The interference source canhave a threshold performance level that is a performance level that isnot acceptable for the interference source. In an aspect, aninterference pattern of the system can be determined. The interferencepattern of the system can be determined based on interference datareceived from the system. As an example, the interference pattern cancomprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of interference sourcesassociated with a frequency spectrum. In an aspect, at least onecharacteristic (e.g. a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, anerror correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, a networkchannel, a power level, an operation time, and the like) of at least oneof the plurality of the interference sources can be adjusted based onthe determined interference pattern and the first performance level. Forexample, an interference source can be operating at a first performancelevel that is not acceptable, and therefore an adjustment (e.g., change)in one or more characteristic of at least one of the plurality ofinterference sources may change the first performance level of theinterference source to a second performance level that is acceptable.

Additional advantages will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows or may be learned by practice. The advantages will be realizedand attained by means of the elements and combinations particularlypointed out in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments and together with thedescription, serve to explain the principles of the methods and systems:

FIG. 1 illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system;

FIG. 2 illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system;

FIG. 3A illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system;

FIG. 3B illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system;

FIG. 4 illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system;

FIG. 5 illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example method;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating another example method;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating another example method; and

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before the present methods and systems are disclosed and described, itis to be understood that the methods and systems are not limited tospecific methods, specific components, or to particular implementations.It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for thepurpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended tobe limiting.

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms“a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” oneparticular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When sucha range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the oneparticular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, whenvalues are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent“about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms anotherembodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each ofthe ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, andindependently of the other endpoint.

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described eventor circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includesinstances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where itdoes not.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the word“comprise” and variations of the word, such as “comprising” and“comprises,” means “including but not limited to,” and is not intendedto exclude, for example, other components, integers or steps.“Exemplary” means “an example of” and is not intended to convey anindication of a preferred or ideal embodiment. “Such as” is not used ina restrictive sense, but for explanatory purposes.

Disclosed are components that can be used to perform the disclosedmethods and systems. These and other components are disclosed herein,and it is understood that when combinations, subsets, interactions,groups, etc. of these components are disclosed that while specificreference of each various individual and collective combinations andpermutation of these may not be explicitly disclosed, each isspecifically contemplated and described herein, for all methods andsystems. This applies to all aspects of this application including, butnot limited to, steps in disclosed methods. Thus, if there are a varietyof additional steps that can be performed it is understood that each ofthese additional steps can be performed with any specific embodiment orcombination of embodiments of the disclosed methods.

The present methods and systems may be understood more readily byreference to the following detailed description of preferred embodimentsand the examples included therein and to the Figures and their previousand following description.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the methods andsystems may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, anentirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software andhardware aspects. Furthermore, the methods and systems may take the formof a computer program product on a computer-readable storage mediumhaving computer-readable program instructions (e.g., computer software)embodied in the storage medium. More particularly, the present methodsand systems may take the form of web-implemented computer software. Anysuitable computer-readable storage medium may be utilized including harddisks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.

Embodiments of the methods and systems are described below withreference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods,systems, apparatuses and computer program products. It will beunderstood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchartillustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams andflowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by computerprogram instructions. These computer program instructions may be loadedonto a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions which execute on the computer or other programmabledata processing apparatus create a means for implementing the functionsspecified in the flowchart block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable memory that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablememory produce an article of manufacture including computer-readableinstructions for implementing the function specified in the flowchartblock or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loadedonto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or otherprogrammable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process suchthat the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmableapparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in theflowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrationssupport combinations of means for performing the specified functions,combinations of steps for performing the specified functions and programinstruction means for performing the specified functions. It will alsobe understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchartillustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams andflowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purposehardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions orsteps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computerinstructions.

The present disclosure relates to interference management. The disclosedmethods and systems can be used for minimizing interference amongdevices in a system. Interference data can be received and/or gatheredfrom interference sources, sensors that monitor interference sources,combinations thereof, and the like. Examples of interference sources cancomprise various devices (e.g., communication, and/or electronic devicesincluding both wired and wireless device) such as microwave ovens,printers, computers, tablets, telephones, cordless phones, networknodes, network devices, set top boxes, televisions, radios,communication terminals, power lines, transmitters, variouscommunication protocols used by devices, and the like. Interferencesources can also comprise non-devices such as weather conditions andother natural phenomena. The interference data can be used to createand/or generate interference patterns for each interference source. Theinterference patterns can be mapped on an interference map, which canillustrate spatial relationships of the interference patterns,interference sources, non-interference objects, combinations thereof,and the like. The interference map can be used to determine how aparticular interference pattern can affect the system. The interferencemap can also be used to evaluate an unknown or a new source ofinterference (e.g., a cordless phone, a weather condition) to determinehow the system might be affected. The interference map can be used as aguide to modify one or more characteristics of one or more of theinterference sources to minimize interference in the system. Theinterference data from an interference source and generated interferencepatterns can also be associated with an interference signature (e.g., afingerprint) in a database. The interference signature can be searchedto identify known and/or unknown interference sources.

FIG. 1 illustrates various aspects of a system 100. The system 100 cancomprise a computing device 104. The computing device 104 can beconfigured to receive (e.g., gather, collect) interference data from aplurality of interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d thatcontribute to interference. The computing device can also receive sensordata from sensors that monitor interference originating frominterference sources. In an aspect, the plurality of interferencesources can comprise communication and/or electronic devices 102 a, 102b, and 102 c. In an aspect, the plurality of interference sources cancomprise other non-device interference sources 102 d such as a weathercondition, celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. As anexample, interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c can comprise one ormore of microwave ovens, printers, computers, tablets, telephones,cordless phones, network nodes, network devices, set top boxes,televisions, radios, communication terminals, power lines, transmitters,and/or the like. In an aspect, communication devices and electronicdevices, such as interference sources 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c, cangenerate interference that affects performance and/or communication ofother communication devices and electronic devices. Interference sourcescan include any device that can produce interference that impacts thedevice itself and/or other devices. Interference can include, but is notlimited to, co-channel interference (CCI), inter-carrier interference(ICI) caused by Doppler shift in orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (OFDM), electromagnetic interference (EMI), combinationsthereof, and the like.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can monitor the system 100 andreceive data from the plurality of interference sources 102 a, 102 b,102 c, and 102 d through wireless links (e.g., a radio frequency, asatellite) and/or physical links (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a coaxialcable, an Ethernet cable, or a combination thereof). The computingdevice 104 can also receive data from sensors that can measureinterference. Sensors that can measure interference of an interferencesource, such as weather, can include a thermometer, a barometer, ananemometer, a hydrometer, a rain gauge, and the like. In an aspect, thedata can comprise interference data. As an example, the interferencedata can comprise weather data, position data, signal strength data,modulation technique data, power level data, network protocol data,network channel data, network address data, operation time data, and/orthe like. Thus, relative positions (e.g., a proximity) of the pluralityof interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c) and thecomputing device 104 can be determined from the interference.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can comprise a receiver (e.g., anN×M multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) WiFi receiver) configuredto receive (e.g., gather, collect, measure) signals from an interferencesource 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and/or 102 d from which the computing device104 can determine (e.g., calculate, compute) interference data fromchanges in the signals. In an aspect, the receiver can have multiplereceiver channels which are capable of measuring relative direction of asignal with the highest transmission energy. For example, a wideband ora full spectrum receiver in a cable modem, a satellite television, and acable television can be configured to perform a spectral analysis tomeasure energy content including a signal carrier, a signal harmonicand/or a signal intermodulation. Changes in the energy content canindicate interference and can be used to determine the interferencesource (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d). For example, when theenergy content is measured over time, the spectral analysis can indicateto the receiver whether an interference source (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102c, and 102 d) has a frequency modulated signal or a frequency hoppingsignal. As an example, certain signal types such as Bluetooth (802.15.1)and Zigbee (802.15.4) use frequency hopping or spread spectrumtechniques which can be readily detected. In another example, cordlessand cellular technologies (such as digital enhanced cordlesstelecommunications (DECT) and code division multiple access (CDMA)) canhave a bandwidth that is well-defined.

In an aspect, a time domain analysis of the energy content can determinea pulse-repetition-frequency (PRF) of an interference source (e.g., 102a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d). Time domain analysis of the energy contentto determine PRF can be used in situations where signal analysis resultsin more than one type of interference source causing the interference.In another aspect, time domain analysis determining the PRF of aninterference source can be used in place of signal analysis. As anexample where PRF is used to determine an interference source, microwaveovens transmit either a continuous wave (CW) or long cycles of a signallasting several seconds or more. As another example, Global System forMobile (GSM) cellular transmitters have a relatively higher PRF incomparison with microwave ovens (approximately 216 Hz with an 8 Hzcomponent). Based on the PRF, the computing device 104 can determinewhether an interference source is a microwave oven or a GSM cellulartransmitter.

In an aspect, other sources of interference such as terrestrialmicrowave links, security fences, and aeronautical transmissions havewell documented characteristics. Therefore, the receiver (such as areceiver used in a WiFi device, a television, or cellular devices) candetermine spatial coordinates, a type of radio frequency interference,and a signal strength present at a specific location. In an aspect, thespectral analysis can take place over periods of days or weeks todetermine whether interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and102 d) are regular (e.g., a daily flight) or transient (e.g., a policecar responding to an alarm).

In an aspect, an interference map can be generated for the system 100based on the interference data of the plurality of interference sources102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d. In an aspect, the presence and/oroperation of one or more of the plurality of interference sources 102 a,102 b, 102 c, and 102 d (e.g., a microwave oven, a printer, a computer,a tablet, a telephone, and/or the like) can be tracked according to theinterference data received (e.g., gathered, collected) by the computingdevice 104. The interference data can be used to determine aninterference pattern, which can be associated with a particular locationwithin the system 100. The interference pattern can be a magnitude ofinterference received (measured, collected, gathered) at a respectivelocations in the system 100. The presence and/or operation of one ormore of the plurality of interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102c, and 102 d) can change the interference pattern by changing signalstrength data, modulation technique data, power level data, and/or othertypes of interference data of the interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102b, 102 c, and 102 d).

In an aspect, to generate an interference map, the computing device 104(e.g., a smart phone, a tablet) can define a plurality of interferencesources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d) and/or interferencepatterns within a space (e.g., a house) of the system 100. For example,a user can physically move the computing device 104 to specificlocations (e.g., four corners) of the space. The computing device 104can comprise one or more positioning devices (e.g., a global positioningsystem (GPS), an accelerometer, a pressure sensor, and/or the like) thatcan determine spatial coordinates (e.g., dimensions, altitude, and thelike) of the space. At each of the spatial coordinates, the user canalso measure the interference present at the spatial coordinates.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can create and/or generate theinterference map of the space with one or more interference patternsbased on the interference data received. The computing device 104 cancreate and/or generate the interference map by aggregating and/orplotting each of the spatial coordinates determined and respectiveinterference data. As an example, the interference pattern can compriseone or more of: a radio interference pattern, a microwave interferencepattern, an infrared interference pattern, a visible light interferencepattern, an ultraviolet interference pattern, an X-ray interferencepattern, combinations thereof, and the like. For example, the computingdevice 104 can receive radio interference patterns that are in terms ofradio frequency strength data (e.g., a received signal strengthindication (RSSI) value) at each specific location. As such, thecomputing device 104 can map the interference patterns to the space interms of radio frequency strength (e.g., an RSSI value), and/or radiofrequency. As an example, the interference pattern can be a set of dataand/or a plot of the set of data on the interference map in the form ofan RSSI value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, arespective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ) and a respective protocol(e.g., 802.11, LTE) at specific spatial coordinates (e.g., GPScoordinates) on the interference map.

In an aspect, the interference map can be a two dimensionalrepresentation and/or a three dimensional representation of theinterference patterns (e.g., an RSSI value and/or a radio frequency). Inan aspect, the interference map can comprise a heat map where the colorof the interference pattern can indicate the magnitude of theinterference pattern (e.g., an RSSI value). In another aspect, theinterference map can comprise an elevation map where a height and/or adepth of the interference pattern can indicate the magnitude of theinterference. In an aspect, the interference map can be dynamic suchthat the interference patterns on the interference map are tracked overa time duration.

In an aspect, the interference map of the space within the system 100can be stored in a database. The interference map can include theinterference patterns received by the computing device 104. Eachinterference source 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d and combinationsthereof can have a unique interference pattern, which can be used tocreate and/or generate an interference signature for each interferencesource 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d. Other interference sourceinformation can be included in the interference signature such as anoperation frequency, a signal strength level, a location, a power level,user information, and/or the like. The interference signature can beused to detect the presence of a specific device (e.g., an interferencesource) within the system 100. Comparing interference patterns of storedinterference signatures to newly created and/or generated interferencepatterns can identify an interference source that caused the change inthe interference pattern. For example, if the change in the interferencepattern indicates a frequency that matches an operation frequency in aninterference signature of a known interference source, then theinterference source that caused the changed interference pattern islikely the known interference source that has the same operationfrequency.

In an aspect, one or more computing devices such as the computing device104 can monitor the interference pattern of the system 100 by regularlyreceiving (e.g., gathering, collecting) the interference data and/orgenerating (e.g., determining, calculating) the interference data basedon measurements of the system 100. The computing device 104 candetermine a change in the interference pattern based on the receivedinterference data. The computing device 104 can determine the change inthe interference pattern by comparing a new generated interferencepattern from the received interference data to previously generatedinterference patterns. The computing device can identify differencesthat can denote the change in the interference pattern. In anotheraspect, the computing device 104 can compare the generated interferencepatterns from the interference data at different times to correspondingtimes of the interference patterns that are stored in the database. Forexample, a change in the interference pattern can be determined everyday at 9:00 AM, and the change in the interference pattern can indicatethat an airplane is flying over the system 100 or that someone leavesthe system 100 at that time.

Accordingly, the change in the interference pattern can indicate a newinterference source has entered and/or left the system 100. In anaspect, the change in the interference pattern can be used to infer anoperational status of the interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and102 d. An interference source of the plurality of interference sources102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d that contributes to the change in theinterference pattern can be determined based on the change. For example,the change in the interference pattern can indicate an interferencepattern of an interference signature of a known interference source. Thecomputing device 104 can compare the generated interference pattern fromthe received interference data to interference patterns of interferencesignatures stored in the database. The interference signatures can befrom the interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d. If thegenerated interference pattern substantially matches an interferencepattern of an interference signature stored in the database, then thecomputing device 104 can determine that the interference source thatcaused the change in the interference pattern is the interference sourcehaving the matching interference signature. In an aspect, a type of theinterference source can be determined from the interference signature.For example, the computing device 104 can indicate whether theinterference source is an access point, a smart phone, a television,humidity in the air, and the like. As an example, a microwave oven canoperate at 2450 MHz and thereby can cause interference at this frequencyon a frequency spectrum. Thus, if a peak signal is detected at 2450 MHz,the computing device 104 can determine a microwave oven is in operation.

In an aspect, a network address of the interference source 102 a, 102 b,and 102 c can be determined from the interference signature. Forexample, the network address can comprise an internet protocol address,a network address, a media access control (MAC) address, an Internetaddress, and/or the like. In another aspect, a user associated with theinterference source 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c can be determined. Forexample, a user can comprise an identity associated with theinterference source 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c. In another aspect, alocation within the space associated with the interference source 102 a,102 b, and 102 c can be determined. For example, the location cancomprise spatial coordinates, such as a latitude, a longitude, analtitude, a relative position with respect to a specific point (e.g., anaccess point), combinations thereof, and the like.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can also determine that a newinterference source that entered the system 100 is an unknowninterference source based on a new interference pattern associated withthe new interference source. As an example, existing interferencepatterns of the plurality of interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c,and 102 d can comprise a frequency spectrum and a respective spatialdistribution of the plurality of interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102c, and 102 d. The existing interference patterns can be associated withinterference signatures of the interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c,and 102 d. The interference signatures can be stored in the databaseassociated with the computing device 104. In an aspect, other signatureinformation (e.g., an operation frequency, a signal strength level, apower level, and the like) associated with the interference signaturesof the interference sources 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d can be storedin the database as part of the interference signature. The database canbe searched when a change in the interference pattern is determined. Thedatabase can be searched for interference signatures that have aninterference pattern matching the new interference pattern. In anaspect, when the new interference source that contributes to the changein the interference pattern cannot be identified in the database, thecomputing device 104 can request and/or receive necessary dataassociated with the unidentified interference source, and update thedatabase accordingly. For example, the computing device 104 candetermine a type of interference source of the new interference sourcefrom the new interference pattern. For example, the computing device 104can determine that the new interference source is likely a mobile phonefrom similar existing interference patterns of interference signatures.The computing device 104 can try to obtain information from the newinterference source through a variety of mobile communication protocols.In an aspect, an authorized user (e.g., a system administrator) can beprompted to acknowledge and/or register the new interference sourceadded to the system 100.

In another aspect, when the new interference pattern associated with thenew interference source is identified from interference patterns of theinterference signatures stored in the database and the interferencesource is a device, then the presence of a specific user associated withthe user device can be confirmed. For example, if the computing device104 determines that there is a match of the new interference pattern tothe interference pattern of the interference signature stored, then thecomputing device 104 can determine that a specific user (e.g., Dad) iswatching TV in a living room because a smart phone associated with thespecific user is detected to be within 3 feet of a set top box in theliving room. The computing device 104 can detect the smart phone basedon the new interference pattern and interference signature of the smartphone stored in the database. As another example, the computing device104 can determine that a specific user device has accessed a predefinednetwork (e.g., a home network) and/or entered a predefined area and/orassociated time of access or entry.

In an aspect, when a change in an interference pattern of aninterference map of the system 100 is determined, a change in at leastone characteristic of one or more interference sources 102 a, 102 b, and102 c can be determined. As an example, the at least one characteristiccan comprise one or more of a position, a frequency, a modulationtechnique, an error correction technique, a power level, a networkprotocol, a network channel, a signal transmission rate, and othercharacteristics of the interference sources 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c. Forexample the change in at least one characteristic can occur to theinterference source that causes the change in the interference pattern.As another example, the change in at least one characteristic can occurto a device (which can also be an interference source) that is affectedby the interference source causing the change in the interferencepattern. As another example, another interference source in the system100 can have at least one characteristic changed to allow the deviceaffected by the interference source to perform more optimally. Asanother example, changes to characteristics by any of the options abovecan be combined.

In an aspect, the change in the at least one characteristic can occurwhen a threshold performance level of a performance parameter of thedevice (e.g., an interference source, electronic device) affected by thenew interference pattern in the system 100 is not acceptable. As anexample, one or more performance parameters, such as a number of errorsoccurring in the device, a speed of the device, and/or the like, can beat a threshold level that is not acceptable for the device. Thethreshold level of a performance parameter can indicate when a change tothe at least one characteristic should occur. A change in at least onecharacteristic can change the performance parameter from a firstperformance level to a second performance level. The second performancelevel can have the performance parameter at an acceptable thresholdlevel.

As an example of a change in at least one characteristic, networkchannels can be reassigned for a plurality of access points within closeproximity in a predefined area according to the determined interferencesource and associated characteristic. As another example characteristicchange, a beacon or a trigger can be established in the plurality ofinterference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c). The computingdevice 104 can establish a round robin schedule to enable eachinterference source 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c to take turns using aspectrum. As another example, the interference source 102 a, 102 b, and102 c can coordinate power levels with each other via the computingdevice 104 to minimize interference in the system 100. As anotherexample of a characteristic change, a first access point (AP1) can beconfigured to receive signals from a second access point (AP2) and athird access point (AP3). AP2 can be configured to transmit signals fromthe AP3 to the AP1. When interference reduces a signal transmission rateof the AP2, the AP3 can be configured to transmit signals directly tothe AP1. The characteristic change where by signals are sent to the AP1from the AP3 can be achieved by AP1 switching to the AP3 service setidentifier (SSID), which is stored as a backup. In an aspect, a powerlevel can also be coordinated. For example, an AP2 power level can beincreased to overcome interference. As another example, a signalmodulation can be modified to improve a signal noise ratio between theAP1 and the AP2. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technologycan also be used to create and/or generate a multiple path transmission.

In an aspect, a determined interference source and/or an associatedcharacteristic can be uncontrollable (e.g., 102 d). Examples ofuncontrollable interference sources can comprise weather conditions,celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. When the determinedinterference source is an uncontrollable interference source, then thecomputing device 104 can change characteristics such as positions,operation frequencies, operation channels, modulation techniques, errorcorrection techniques, power levels, and the like of a controllableinterference source (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c).

FIG. 2 illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system 200. In oneaspect of the disclosure, the system 200 can be configured to offerservices (such as network-related services) to a user device. The system200 can comprise a user device 102 (e.g., interference sources 102 a,102 b, and 102 c) in communication with a computing device 104 such as aserver, for example. The computing device 104 can be disposed locally orremotely relative to the user device 102. As an example, the user device102 and the computing device 104 can be in communication via a privateand/or public network 105 such as the Internet or a local area network.Other forms of communications can be used such as wired and wirelesstelecommunication channels.

In an aspect, the user device 102 can be an electronic device such as acomputer, a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet, a set top box, a displaydevice, a printer, a microwave, a printer, a computer, a tablet, atelephone, a cordless phone, a network node, a network device, acommunication terminal, a transmitter, other device capable ofcommunicating with the computing device 104. As an example, the userdevice 102 can comprise a communication element 106 for offering aninterface to a user to interact with the user device 102 and/or thecomputing device 104. The communication element 106 can be any interfacefor presenting and/or receiving information to/from the user, such asuser feedback. An example interface may be a communication interfacesuch as a web browser (e.g., Internet Explorer °, Mozilla Firefox®,Google Chrome®, Safari®, or the like). Other software, hardware, and/orinterfaces can be used to facilitate communication between the user andone or more of the user device 102 and the computing device 104. As anexample, the communication element 106 can request or query variousfiles from a local source and/or a remote source. As a further example,the communication element 106 can transmit data to a local or remotedevice such as the computing device 104,

In an aspect, the user device 102 can be associated with a useridentifier or device identifier 108. As an example, the deviceidentifier 108 can be any identifier, token, character, string, or thelike, for differentiating one user or user device (e.g., a user device102) from another user or user device. In a further aspect, the deviceidentifier 108 can identify a user or user device as belonging to aparticular class of users or user devices. As a further example, thedevice identifier 108 can comprise information relating to the userdevice such as a manufacturer, a model or type of device, a serviceprovider associated with the user device 102, a state of the user device102, a locator, and/or a label or classifier. Other information can berepresented by the device identifier 108.

In an aspect, the device identifier 108 can comprise an address element110 and a service element 112. In an aspect, the address element 110 cancomprise or make available an internet protocol address, a networkaddress, a media access control (MAC) address, an Internet address, orthe like. As an example, the address element 110 can be relied upon toestablish a communication session between the user device 102 and thecomputing device 104 or other devices and/or networks. As a furtherexample, the address element 110 can be used as an identifier or locatorof the user device 102. In an aspect, the address element 110 can bepersistent for a particular network.

In an aspect, the service element 112 can comprise an identification ofa service provider associated with the user device 102 and/or with theclass of user device 102. The class of the user device 102 can berelated to a type of device, a capability of a device, a type of servicebeing offered, and/or a level of service (e.g., a business class, aservice tier, a service package, etc.). As an example, the serviceelement 112 can comprise information relating to or made available by acommunication service provider (e.g., an Internet service provider) thatis offering or enabling data flow such as communication services to theuser device 102. As a further example, the service element 112 cancomprise information relating to a preferred service provider for one ormore particular services relating to the user device 102. In an aspect,the address element 110 can be used to identify or retrieve data fromthe service element 112, or vise-versa. As a further example, one ormore of the address element 110 and the service element 112 can bestored remotely from the user device 102 and retrieved by one or moredevices such as the user device 102 and the computing device 104. Otherinformation can be represented by the service element 112.

In an aspect, one or more network devices 116 can be in communicationwith a network such as network 105. As an example, one or more of thenetwork devices 116 can facilitate the connection of a device, such asthe user device 102, to the network 105. As a further example, one ormore of the network devices 116 can be configured as a wireless accesspoint (WAP). In an aspect, one or more network devices 116 can beconfigured to allow one or more wireless devices to connect to a wiredand/or wireless network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or any desired method orstandard.

In an aspect, the network devices 116 can be configured as a local areanetwork (LAN). As an example, one or more network devices 116 cancomprise a dual band wireless access point. As an example, the networkdevices 116 can be configured with a first service set identifier (SSID)(e.g., associated with a user network or a private network) to functionas a local network for a particular user or users. As a further example,the network devices 116 can be configured with a second service setidentifier (SSID) (e.g., associated with a public/community network or ahidden network) to function as a secondary network or redundant networkfor connected communication devices.

In an aspect, one or more network devices 116 can comprise an identifier118. As an example, one or more identifiers can be or relate to anInternet Protocol (IP) Address IPV4/IPV6 or a media access controladdress (MAC address) or the like. As a further example, one or moreidentifiers 118 can be a unique identifier for facilitatingcommunications on the physical network segment. In an aspect, each ofthe network devices 116 can comprise an identifier 118 that is distinct.As an example, the identifiers 118 can be associated with a physicallocation of the network devices 116.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can be a server for communicatingwith the user device 102. As an example, the computing device 104 cancommunicate with the user device 102 for offering data and/or services.As an example, the computing device 104 can offer services such asnetwork (e.g., Internet) connectivity, network printing, mediamanagement (e.g., a media server), interference management, contentservices, streaming services, broadband services, or othernetwork-related services. In an aspect, the computing device 104 canallow the user device 102 to interact with remote resources such asdata, devices, and files. As an example, the computing device 104 can beconfigured as (or disposed at) a central location (e.g., a headend, or aprocessing facility), which can receive content (e.g., data, inputprogramming) from multiple sources. The computing device 104 can combinethe content from the multiple sources and can distribute the content touser (e.g., subscriber) locations via a distribution system.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can manage the communicationbetween the user device 102 and a storage system 114 for sending andreceiving data therebetween. As an example, the storage system 114 canstore a plurality of files, user identifiers or records, or otherinformation. As a further example, the user device 102 can requestand/or retrieve a file from the storage system 114. In an aspect, thestorage system 114 can store information relating to the user device 102such as the address element 110 and/or the service element 112. As anexample, the computing device 104 can obtain the device identifier 108from the user device 102 and retrieve information from the storagesystem 114 such as the address element 110 and/or the service elements112. As a further example, the computing device 104 can obtain theaddress element 110 from the user device 102 and can retrieve theservice element 112 from the storage system 114, or vice versa. In anaspect, the storage system 114 can comprise a database 124 configuredfor storing interference data received from the plurality ofinterference sources (e.g., user device 102), storing interferencepatterns based on the interference data, storing interferencesignatures, and/or storing interference maps. For example, the computingdevice 104 can search the database 124 to determine whether aninterference source is known or an unknown to the system 200 bycomparing received interference data with stored interference data. Whenthe interference source is known to the system 200, the computing device104 can determine data (e.g., a user, a location, a network address,and/or the like) associated with the known interference source from thedatabase 124. When the interference source is unknown to the system 200,the computing device 104 can receive (e.g., acquire, collect, etc.)necessary data associated with the unknown interference source andupdate the database 124. Any information can be stored in and retrievedfrom the storage system 114. The storage system 114 can be disposedremotely from the computing device 104 and accessed via direct orindirect connection. The storage system 114 can be integrated with thecomputing device 104 or some other device or system.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can comprise a receiver 120. Thereceiver 120 can be configured to receive interference data from one ormore user devices 102, network devices 116, or other sensors that canmonitor and gather data from interference sources. For example sensorscan include a thermometer, a barometer, an anemometer, a hydrometer, arain gauge, and the like. As an example, the interference data cancomprise weather data, position data, signal strength data, modulationtechnique data, power level data, network protocol data, network channeldata, network address data, and the like. The receiver 120 can receiveinterference data through wireless links (e.g., a radio frequency, asatellite) and/or physical links (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a coaxialcable, an Ethernet cable, or a combination thereof).

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can comprise a processor 122. Theprocessor 122 can determine (e.g., calculate, create, generate) apattern (e.g., an interference pattern) based on the interference datareceived by the receiver 120. In an aspect, the interference pattern cancomprise a frequency spectrum associated with a plurality of userdevices (e.g., the user device 102). The frequency spectrum can comprisea radio frequency spectrum, a microwave frequency spectrum, an infraredfrequency spectrum, a visible light frequency spectrum, an ultravioletfrequency spectrum, an X-ray frequency spectrum, combinations thereof,and the like. In another aspect, the interference pattern can compriselocation information (e.g., spatial coordinates) of a plurality of userdevices (e.g., the user device 102). The interference pattern can bestored in the database 124. In an aspect the interference pattern can beassociated with an interference signature of an interference source. Aninterference signature can comprise the interference pattern, anoperation frequency, a signal strength level, a location, a power level,user information, and/or the like to identify the interference source.In an aspect, the interference pattern can be plotted on an interferencemap.

In an aspect, the processor 122 can determine a change in theinterference pattern. For example, the change in the interferencepattern can comprise a change in amplitude of a specific frequency or afrequency spectrum. The change in the interference pattern can indicatea type of interference source that is contributing to the change in theinterference pattern, such as a specific type of device, a specificweather condition, and the like. For example, a microwave oven operatesat 2450 MHz and thereby causes interference at this frequency. Thus, ifa peak signal is detected at 2450 MHz, the computing device 104 candetermine a microwave oven is in operation. The computing device 104 cancompare the changed interference pattern that has the 2450 MHz signal tointerference patterns stored in a database 124 or interference patternsassociated with an interference signature stored in the database 124. Asanother example, the processor 122 can also determine whether theinterference source that contributes to the change in the interferencepattern is known or unknown to the system 200. If the changedinterference pattern does not exist in the database 124 the computingdevice 104 can determine that the interference source causing the changeis unknown.

In an aspect, the processor 122 can determine a change in at least onecharacteristic of one or more interference sources based on theinterference source determined to cause the change in the interferencepattern. The change in at least one characteristic can occur to a userdevice 102 that is affected by the interference source that caused thechange in the interference pattern. In an aspect, the change in at leastone characteristic can occur to a network device 116 which may or maynot be affected by the change in the interference pattern. In anotheraspect, the change in at least one characteristic can occur to theinterference source that caused the change in the interference pattern.In another aspect, the change in at least one characteristic can occurto another interference source. As an example, the at least onecharacteristic can comprise one or more of a position, a frequency, amodulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, anetwork protocol, a network channel, a combination thereof, and thelike.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can transmit a signal (e.g.,command, instruction) to the user device 102, the network device 116,other interference source, combinations thereof, and the like, (e.g.,for example utilizing an Application Programming Interface (AP1)) thatcauses the user device 102, the network device 116, other interferencesource, combinations thereof, and the like to change the at least onecharacteristic. The computing device 104 can transmit the signal via thenetwork 105.

FIG. 3A illustrates various aspects of an interference map 301 a system300. The system 300 can comprise a plurality of user devices, such as aprinter 302 a, a telephone 302 b, and a computer 302 c. Each user device302 a, 302 b, 302 c can be a source of interference for the system 300.The user devices 302 a, 302 b, 302 c can be examples of interferencesources 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c of FIG. 1 . In an aspect, theinterference map 301 illustrates interference patterns (e.g.,electromagnetic waves 303 a, 303 b, and 303 c) originating from therespective user devices 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c. In an aspect, theelectromagnetic waves 303 a, 303 b, and 303 c can comprise the same orsimilar frequency, thereby causing interference for the system 300. Forexample, when two or more propagating waves (e.g., 303 a, 303 b, and 303c) are incident on the same point, the total displacement at that pointcan be equal to the vector sum of the displacements of the individualwaves. As such, the system 300 can exhibit poor frequency spectrum use,resulting in a low quality user experience. For example, if a userdevice is added to the system 300 in an area where two or moreelectromagnetic waves 303 a, 303 b, and 303 c overlap, then the userdevice can experience interference when trying to receive a signal fromone or more of the user devices 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c. Similarly, anew user device added to the system 300, when operated, can produceinterference that can negatively impact the performance of one or moreof the user devices 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c if the added user device'sinterference pattern is in the vicinity of one or more of the userdevices 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c.

FIG. 3B illustrates various aspects of the system 300 when a user device302 e is introduced to the system 300. As illustrated on theinterference map 301 a user device (e.g., a PDA) 302 e has entered thesystem 300. The user device 302 e can generate an electromagnetic wave(e.g., an interference pattern) 303 e. In an aspect, the electromagneticwaves 303 a, 303 b, and 303 c can comprise the same or similar frequencyas the electromagnetic wave 303 e. In an aspect, the user device 302 ecan be in the range of the electromagnetic waves 303 a, 303 b, and 303c. Likewise, the electromagnetic wave 303 e can be in range of the userdevices 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c. As an example, if the user device 302 etries to communicate with user device 302 c, then the communication canexperience interference from one or more of the electromagnetic waves303 a and 303 b. Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave 303 e caninterfere with the performance and/or communication of the user devices302 a, 302 b, and 302 c.

In an aspect, the interference map 301 can be monitored by a computingdevice such as the computing device 104 of FIG. 1 and/or one or more ofthe user devices 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c. A change in the interferencepatterns of the interference map 301 can indicate the presence of aspecific device and/or a specific user. For example, when user device302 e enters the system 300, then user device 302 e can be detected dueto a change in the interference map 301. In an aspect, the user device302 e can be automatically identified based on the interference patternof the user device 302 e. The computing device 104 can compare theinterference pattern to interference patterns associated withinterference signatures stored in a database (e.g., the database 124).If there is a matching interference pattern, then particular signatureinformation and/or information about the user device 302 e can beobtained from the interference signature. In an aspect, an authorizeduser (e.g., a system administrator) can be prompted to acknowledgeand/or register the user device added (e.g., user device 302 e) and/oruser when the user device 302 e is unknown. In another aspect, the userof the user device 302 e can be denied registering the user device 302 eand/or user to the system 300. In an aspect, a security system can benotified (e.g., signaled) that an unauthorized user device/user ispresent in the system 300.

FIG. 4 illustrates an interference map 401 of one or more interferencepatterns 402 associated with a system 400. In an aspect, theinterference patterns 402 can comprise a frequency spectrum 403associated with a plurality of interference sources such as user devices404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e that operate at or produce one ormore the frequencies on the frequency spectrum 403. The frequencyspectrum 403 can comprise one or more of: a radio frequency spectrum, amicrowave frequency spectrum, an infrared frequency spectrum, a visiblelight frequency spectrum, an ultraviolet frequency spectrum, an X-rayfrequency spectrum, combinations thereof, and the like. In anotheraspect, the interference map 401 can comprise a spatial distribution ofthe user devices 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e associated withthe frequency spectrum 403. The spatial distribution can be the location(e.g., spatial coordinates) of each user device 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404d, and 404 e in relation to each other. The interference pattern 402 canbe stored in a database (e.g., the database 124) of a computing devicesuch as the computing device 104. In an aspect, once an interference map401 is generated, an interference is detected within the system 400, andthe computing device 104 determines that the interference causes a userdevice to perform below a performance level, then the computing device104 can change a characteristic of one or more of the user devices 404a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e and/or device causing adjustment ofthe interference within the system 400 to improve performance of one ormore of the user devices 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e in thepresence of the interference.

As an example, a microwave oven can be operating and producingelectromagnetic waves having a frequency bandwidth of around 2444 MHz to2460 MHz. Other interference sources (e.g., user devices 404 a, 404 b,404 c, 404 d, and 404 e) can be using one or more WiFi channels such aschannel 1, channel 6, and channel 11. Channel 1 can operate at 2412 MHz,channel 6 can operate at 2437 MHz and channel 11 can operate at 2462MHz. Each channel can have a channel width of 22 MHz (e.g., channel 1:2401-2423 MHz, channel 6: 2426-2448 MHz, and channel 11: 2451-2473 MHz).Therefore, when the microwave oven is operating, the microwave oven canproduce electromagnetic waves that can interfere with the user devices404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e using channel 6 and channel 11. Inan aspect, the computing device 104 can determine that the user devices404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e using these channels can beaffected by the interference of the microwave oven. In an aspect, thecomputing device 104 can change and/or suggest a change in one or morecharacteristics of the user devices 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404e operating with channel 6 and channel 11. For example, the computingdevice 104 can switch the user devices 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and404 e from using channel 6 and/or channel 11 to using channel 1 sincethe frequency width of channel 1 does not share any common frequencieswith that of the interference pattern of the microwave oven. In anotherexample, the computing device 104 can suggest locations in the system400 where a system manager can relocate and/or move one or more of theuser devices 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e using channel 6and/or channel 11. The computing device can suggest locations for theone or more user devices 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and 404 e in thesystem 100 that minimize or eliminate the interference of the microwave.In another aspect, the computing device 104 can recommend moving themicrowave oven and/or other interference sources to minimize oreliminate interference to user devices 404 a, 404 b, 404 c, 404 d, and404 e using channel 6 and/or channel 11.

FIG. 5 illustrates various aspects of a system 500. In an aspect,interference data in a predefined area 501 can be measured (e.g.,monitored, calculated, determined) with a mobile user device 502. Themobile user device 502 can create and/or generate an interferencepattern based on the interference data or can send the interference datato a computing device 104 to create and/or generate an interferencepattern. Furthermore, an interference map incorporating the interferencepattern, the predefined area 501, a plurality of user devices 502 a, 502b, 502 c, and 502 d, and/or other interference sources can be createdand/or generated by the mobile user device 502 and/or the computingdevice 104. For example, the mobile user device 502, such as asmartphone, can be registered with a wireless access point (AP) 506,wherein the AP 506 can be placed at a desired location within apredefined area 501. A user can move through the predefined area 501(e.g., a house) holding the mobile user device 502 (e.g., a smart phone)to measure interference and determine interference data. For example,the user can select one or more locations in the predefined area 501with minimal 802.11 signal strength and strongest 802.11 signal strengthfrom one or more preselected service set identifiers (SSIDs). In anaspect, interference data can comprise signal strengths and locationinformation of the plurality of user devices 502 a, 502 b, 502 c, and502 d in the predefined area 501.

In an aspect, time domain data can be used to differentiate signals, forexample, duration of signals can be used to determine types of signals.In an aspect, frequency domain data and channel width can be used todifferentiate signals. For example, the mobile user device 502 canreceive signal strength and location information of the user devices 502a, 502 b, 502 c and 502 d. In an aspect, the location information can bespatial coordinates, such as a latitude, a longitude, an altitude,position information with respect to a specific position (e.g., the AP506), combinations thereof, and the like. In another aspect, thelocation information can be associated with an RSSI value detected bythe mobile user device 502. The location information can be used todetermine the relative position (e.g., a proximity) of one user device(e.g., 502 a) to another user device (e.g., 502 d). In another aspect,interference data can comprise spatial coordinates of the predefinedarea 501. For example, the user can move to a border of the predefinedarea 501 to establish spatial coordinates of the predefined area 501. Inan aspect, the mobile user device 502 can collect location informationbased on observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) methods utilizingLTE signals of the mobile user device 502. In an aspect, theinterference data (e.g., a signal strength, location information)received by the mobile user device 502 (e.g., a smart phone) can betransmitted to the computing device 104 which can generate aninterference map and perform other methods described herein.

In an aspect, calibrations of the interference patterns can be performedto take into account factors that can change the interference, such asattenuation. In an aspect, the AP 506 can transmit a strong continuouswave (CW) carrier for calibration of the interference patterns withrespect to attenuation in the predefined area 501. For example, the AP506 can transmit a CW signal of a certain magnitude. The certainty ofmagnitude in relation to attenuation can be higher for the CW signal incomparison to a signal burst. The certainty of the magnitude canindicate accurate attenuation information for the predefined area 501.The CW signal can be transmitted at a different frequency than the802.11 channel to minimize interference. The mobile user device 502 canbe positioned at different locations in the predefined area 501 tomeasure the CW signal produced by the AP 506 and determine theattenuation of the CW signal. In an aspect, calibration can be achievedusing two APs as reference points. Anywhere besides the two APs can betreated as data points for possible placement of the two APs to so thatthe APs can deliver better coverage to the predefined area 501 withrespect to attenuation and interference.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 600. At step 602,interference data from a plurality of interference sources can bereceived. In an aspect, a computing device (e.g., the computing device104) can receive the interference data from a plurality of interferencesources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c) and/or sensors that monitor(e.g., measure, quantify) interference sources (e.g., 102 d). As anexample, the plurality of interference sources can comprise microwaveovens, printers, computers, tablets, telephones, cordless phones,network nodes, network devices, set top boxes, televisions, radios,communication terminals, power lines, transmitters, atmosphere, and/orthe like. As an example, the interference data can comprise weather data(e.g., a temperature, an air pressure, a wind speed, and a moisturelevel), position data, signal strength data, modulation technique data,power level data, network protocol data, network channel data, networkaddress data, and/or the like. In an aspect, the computing device 104can receive interference data from the plurality of interference sourcesvia wireless links (e.g., a radio frequency, a satellite) and/orphysical links (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a coaxial cable, an Ethernetcable, or a combination thereof). The interference data received can bestored at a database (e.g., the database 124) of the computing device104. Sensors that can measure interference of an interference source,such as weather, can include a thermometer, a barometer, an anemometer,a hydrometer, a rain gauge, and the like.

In an aspect, the computing device 104 can comprise a receiver (e.g., anN×M multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) WiFi receiver) configuredto receive (e.g., gather, collect, measure) signals from an interferencesource 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and/or 102 d from which the computing device104 can determine (e.g., calculate, compute) interference data fromchanges in the signals. In an aspect, the receiver can have multiplereceiver channels which are capable of measuring relative direction of asignal with the highest transmission energy. For example, a wideband ora full spectrum receiver in a cable modem, a satellite television, and acable television can be configured to perform a spectral analysis tomeasure energy content including a signal carrier, a signal harmonicand/or a signal intermodulation. Changes in the energy content canindicate interference and can be used to determine the interferencesource (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d). For example, when theenergy content is measured over time, the spectral analysis can indicateto the receiver whether an interference source (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102c, and 102 d) is a frequency modulated signal or a frequency hoppingsignal. As an example, certain signal types such as Bluetooth (802.15.1)and Zigbee (802.15.4) use frequency hopping or spread spectrumtechniques which can be readily detected. In another example, cordlessand cellular technologies such as digital enhanced cordlesstelecommunications (DECT) and code division multiple access (CDMA) canhave a bandwidth that is well-defined.

In an aspect, a time domain analysis of the energy content can determinea pulse-repetition-frequency (PRF) of an interference source (e.g., 102a, 102 b, 102 c, and 102 d). Time domain analysis of the energy contentto determine PRF can be used in situations when signal analysis resultsin more than one type of interference source. In an aspect, time domainanalysis determining the PRF of an interference source can be used inplace of signal analysis. As an example of using PRF to determine aninterference source, microwave ovens transmit either a continuous wave(CW) or long cycles of a signal lasting several seconds or more. Asanother example, global system for mobile (GSM) cellular transmittershave a relatively higher PRF in comparison with microwave ovens(approximately 216 Hz with an 8 Hz component). Based on the PRF, thecomputing device 104 can determine whether an interference source is amicrowave or a GSM cellular transmitter.

In an aspect, other sources of interference such as terrestrialmicrowave links, security fences, and aeronautical transmissions havewell documented characteristics. Therefore, the receiver (such as areceiver used in a WiFi device, a television, or cellular devices) candetermine spatial coordinates, a type of radio frequency interference,and a signal strength present at a specific location. In an aspect, thespectral analysis can take place over periods of days or weeks todetermine whether interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, and102 d) are regular (e.g., a daily flight) or transient (e.g., a policecar responding to an alarm).

At step 604, an interference pattern based on the interference datareceived can be created and/or generated. As an example, theinterference pattern can comprise one or more of: a radio interferencepattern, a microwave interference pattern, an infrared interferencepattern, a visible light interference pattern, an ultravioletinterference pattern, an X-ray interference pattern, combinationsthereof, and the like. In an aspect, the interference pattern cancomprise a frequency spectrum associated with the plurality ofinterference sources. In another aspect, the interference pattern cancomprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of interference sourcesassociated with the frequency spectrum. As an example, the interferencepattern can be a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data in theform of spatial coordinates of a specific location, an RSSI value (e.g.,−74 dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency(e.g., 2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ) and a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, LTE)at the spatial coordinates of the specific location (e.g., GPScoordinates). The interference pattern can be stored in a database(e.g., the database 124) of the computing device 104.

At step 606, a change in the interference pattern can be determined. Inan aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined when asignal strength change at certain frequency and/or a frequency magnitudechange are detected. For example, the signal strength change canindicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) changes from aninoperative state to an operative state, or vice versa. In anotheraspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined when achange in the spatial distribution of the plurality of interferencesources is detected.

At step 608, an interference source of the plurality of interferencesources that contributes to the change in the interference pattern canbe determined. In an aspect, a type of the interference source can bedetermined based on the interference pattern and the change in theinterference pattern. For example, a change in spatial distribution canindicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) moved from onelocation to another location. Thus, the computing device 104 can inferthe type of interference source. For example, if the interferencepattern indicates a change in location of an interference source, thenthe type of interference source can be a mobile device. In an aspect,analyzing the interference pattern over time can also indicate arepetitive nature of interference sources, which can further be used todetermine the type of interference. For example, an interference changedetected daily at a consistent time and that generates a consistentinterference pattern could indicate a daily flight of an airplane. Inanother example, a microwave oven operates at 2450 MHz and thereby cancause interference at this frequency. When a signal strength increase isdetected at 2450 MHz, the computing device 104 can determine a microwaveoven is in operation, for example, via a search of a database (e.g., thedatabase 124). In another aspect, the computing device 104 can determinethe interference source that contributes to the change in theinterference pattern is an unknown source, via the search of thedatabase (e.g., the database 124), for example. In an aspect, when theinterference source that contributes to the change in the interferencepattern is unknown to the system, the computing device 104 can receivenecessary device information associated with the unknown source ofinterference, and update the database (e.g., the database 124)accordingly. The computing device 104 can determine whether or not aninterference source is known or unknown by comparing a new interferencepattern to interference patterns associated with interference signaturesstored in the database 124. If the new interference pattern matches aninterference pattern of an interference signature, then the newinterference pattern is likely caused by the interference sourceassociated with the interference signature. In an aspect, the computingdevice 104 can determine the interference source is an unauthorizedinterference source. In an aspect, the computing device 104 can signal asecurity system of a presence of the interference source when theinterference source is an unauthorized interference source. The securitysystem can alert authorities to an intruder in the system.

When the interference source that contributes to the change in theinterference pattern is determined, the computing device 104 can furtherdetermine device information associated with the interference source.The device information can be determined from the interference source orretrieved from the interference signature stored in the database 124.For example, a network address of the interference source can bedetermined. As another example, a user associated with the interferencesource can be determined. As another example, a location associated withthe interference source can be determined. In an aspect, signatureinformation (e.g., an interference pattern, an operation frequency, asignal strength level, a power level, a combination thereof, and thelike) of each interference source can be associated with theinterference signature and stored in the database (e.g., the database124). In an aspect, the signature information can be used to confirmthat a specific user is present. For example, the computing device 104can determine that the specific user (e.g., a dad, a mom) is watching TVin a living room based on the signature information of the smart phoneassociated with the specific user because the interference patternindicates that the specific user is within 3 feet of a set top box inthe living room.

In an aspect, a change in at least one characteristic of one or moreinterference source can be determined to mitigate interferenceassociated with the interference source. The change in at least onecharacteristic can be based on the interference source that contributesto the change in the interference pattern. As an example, the at leastone characteristic can comprise one or more of a position, a frequency,a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, anetwork protocol, a network channel, an operation time, and the like. Asan example of a change in at least one characteristic, network channelscan be reassigned for a plurality of access points within closeproximity in a predefined area according to the determined interferencesource and associated characteristic. As another example characteristicchange, a beacon or a trigger can be established in the plurality ofinterference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c). The computingdevice 104 can establish a round robin schedule to enable eachinterference source 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c to take turns using aspectrum. As another example, the interference source 102 a, 102 b, and102 c can coordinate power levels with each other via the computingdevice 104 to minimize interference in the system 100.

As another example of a characteristic change, a first access point(AP1) can be configured to receive signals from a second access point(AP2) and a third access point (AP3). AP2 can be configured to transmitsignals from the AP3 to the AP1. When interference reduces a signaltransmission rate of the AP2, the AP3 can be configured to transmitsignals directly to the AP1. The characteristic change where by signalsare sent to the AP1 from the AP3 can be achieved by AP1 switching to theAP3 service set identifier (SSID), which is stored as a backup. In anaspect, a power level can also be coordinated. For example, an AP2 powerlevel can be increased to overcome interference. As another example, asignal modulation can be modified to improve a signal noise ratiobetween the AP1 and the AP2. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)technology can also be used to create and/or generate a multiple pathtransmission.

In an aspect, a non-interfering channel can be selected. For example,when a microwave is in operation, signals of other interference sourcescan be transmitted in a frequency band that is different from amicrowave oven transmission frequency band. As another example, a WiFichannel can be selected to minimize undesired WiFi interferences. Inanother aspect, time phasing transmissions can be used to coordinatesignal transmissions in the same frequency band. For example, signalscan be transmitted and/or received when interference is not present. Assuch, timing of one or more interference sources can be determined toavoid signal transmission at an identified time. In another aspect,directional receivers can be used to reduce a device's sensitivity inthe direction of an interfering transmitter thereby limiting theinterference from the transmitter. Reducing sensitivity can beaccomplished, for example, by MIMO receivers. In an aspect, an extent ofan interference signal can be determined and the extent can besubtracted from a received signal to produce a real signal that isdesired.

In an aspect, a power output can be coordinated for each of a pluralityof independent networks through provisioning channel or a controlchannel. For example, a maximum transmit power of controllabletransmitters can be backed off by a predefined amount. The back off canbe modified if interference is detected. The back off can avoid multiplenetworks to increase power to overcome interference. The provisioningchannel or the control channel can be implemented when a managemententity (e.g., an Internet service provider) interconnects neighboringtransmitters (e.g., access points) in homes. In an aspect, devices canbe coordinated that do not share a service provider if the devices areconnected to a control entity (e.g., a provisioning channel or a controlchannel) through Internet or other communications paths.

As another example, one or more interference sources can be anuncontrollable interference source (e.g., the interference source 102 din FIG. 1 ), such as atmosphere condition, temperature, humidity, thecomputing device 104 can determine an interference optimization method.For example, the interference optimization method can comprise changingat least one characteristic such as a position, an operation frequency,an operation channel, a modulation technique, an error correctiontechnique, a power level, an operation time, and the like of a pluralityof controllable interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c) inthe system 100.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating another example method 700. At step702, interference data from a plurality of interference sources in asystem (e.g., the system 100) can be received. In an aspect, a computingdevice (e.g., the computing device 104) can receive the interferencedata from a plurality of interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and102 c) and/or sensors that monitor (e.g., measure, quantify)interference sources (e.g., 102 d). As an example, the plurality ofinterference sources can comprise microwave ovens, printers, computers,tablets, telephones, cordless phones, network nodes, network devices,set top boxes, televisions, radios, communication terminals, powerlines, transmitters, atmosphere, and/or the like. As an example, theinterference data can comprise weather data (e.g., a temperature, an airpressure, a wind speed, and a moisture level), position data, signalstrength data, modulation technique data, power level data, networkprotocol data, network channel data, network address data, and/or thelike. In an aspect, the computing device 104 can receive interferencedata from the plurality of interference sources via wireless links(e.g., a radio frequency, a satellite) and/or physical links (e.g., afiber optic cable, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, or a combinationthereof). The interference data received can be stored at a database(e.g., the database 124) of the computing device 104. Sensors that canmeasure interference of an interference source, such as weather, caninclude a thermometer, a barometer, an anemometer, a hydrometer, a raingauge, and the like.

In another aspect, a mobile user device, such as a smartphone or atablet, can monitor (e.g., receive, determine, calculate, measure, andthe like) interference from a plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102 a, 102 b, 102 d, and 102 d) to create and/or generate interferencedata. For example, a user can move through a predefined area whileholding the mobile user device. The interference data created and/orgenerated by the mobile user device can be transmitted to the computingdevice 104 for further processing.

At step 704, the interference data received can be associated with oneor more respective spatial coordinates from the plurality ofinterference sources within a defined space (e.g., house, building,office, business, park, and the like). In an aspect, the interferencedata can comprise a signal strength of specific frequency spectrums. Thesignal strength can be associated with one or more interference sources.In another aspect, the interference data can comprise positioninformation (e.g., spatial coordinates). As such, interference data suchas signal strength can be associated with spatial coordinates. In anaspect, multiple interference sources can be simultaneously present. Inthis scenario, correlations between one or more interference sources canbe used to determine a combination of interference sources.

At step 706, an interference pattern can be created and/or generatedbased on the interference data received and the one or more respectivespatial coordinates of the plurality of interference sources. As anexample, the interference pattern can comprise one or more of: a radiointerference pattern, a microwave interference pattern, an infraredinterference pattern, a visible light interference pattern, anultraviolet interference pattern, an X-ray interference pattern, acombination thereof and the like. In an aspect, the interference patterncan comprise a frequency spectrum associated with the plurality ofinterference sources. In another aspect, the interference pattern cancomprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of sources associatedwith the frequency spectrum. As an example, the interference pattern canbe a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data in the form of spatialcoordinates of a specific location, an RSSI value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ,750 MHZ) and a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, LTE) at the specificlocation (e.g., GPS coordinates). The interference pattern can be storedin a database (e.g., the database 124) of the computing device 104.

At step 708, a change in the interference pattern can be determined. Inan aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined when asignal strength change at a certain frequency and/or a change infrequency magnitude are detected. For example, the signal strengthchange can indicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) changesfrom an inoperative state to an operative state, or vice versa. Inanother aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determinedwhen a change in the spatial distribution of the plurality ofinterference source is detected. For example, the change in the spatialdistribution can indicate that an interference source (e.g., a userdevice) moves from one location to another location.

At step 710, an interference source of the plurality of interferencesources that contributes to the change in the interference pattern canbe determined. In an aspect, a type of the interference source can bedetermined based on the interference pattern and the change in theinterference pattern. For example, a change in spatial distribution canindicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) moved from onelocation to another location. Thus, the computing device 104 can inferthe type of interference source. For example, if the interferencepattern indicates a change in location of an interference source, thenthe type of interference source can be a mobile device. In an aspect,analyzing the interference pattern over time can also indicate arepetitive nature of interference sources, which can further be used todetermine the type of interference. For example, an interference changedetected daily at a consistent time and that generates a consistentinterference pattern could indicate a daily flight of an airplane. Inanother example, a microwave oven operates at 2450 MHz and thereby cancause interference at this frequency. When a signal strength increase isdetected at 2450 MHz, the computing device 104 can determine a microwaveoven is in operation, for example, via a search of a database (e.g., thedatabase 124). In another aspect, the computing device 104 can determinethe interference source that contributes to the change in theinterference pattern is an unknown source, via searching a database(e.g., the database 124), for example. In an aspect, when theinterference source that contributes to the change in the interferencepattern is unknown to the system, the computing device 104 can receivenecessary device information associated with the unknown source ofinterference, and update the database (e.g., the database 124)accordingly. The computing device 104 can determine whether or not aninterference source is known and unknown by comparing a new interferencepattern to interference patterns associated with interference signaturesstored in the database 124. If the new interference pattern matches aninterference pattern of an interference signature, then the newinterference pattern is likely caused by the interference sourceassociated with the interference signature.

When the interference source that contributes to the change in theinterference pattern is determined, the computing device 104 can furtherdetermine device information associated with the interference source.The device information can be determined from the interference source orretrieved from the interference signature stored in the database 124.For example, a network address of the interference source can bedetermined. As another example, a user associated with the interferencesource can be determined. As another example, a location associated withthe interference source can be determined. In an aspect, signatureinformation (e.g., an interference pattern, an operation frequency, asignal strength level, a power level, and/or the like) of eachinterference source can be associated with the interference signatureand stored in the database (e.g., the database 124). In an aspect, thesignature information can be used to confirm that a specific user ispresent. For example, the computing device 104 can determine that thespecific user (e.g., a dad, a mom) is watching TV in a living room basedon the signature information of the smart phone associated with thespecific user because the interference pattern indicates that thespecific user is within 3 feet of a set top box in the living room. Oncea user device is associated with a particular user, services can becorrelated among specific user devices and pathway so each device can beoptimized. For example, a user device can be associated with an AP as aSSID. Therefore, depending on signal strengths of APs, an AP withhighest signal strength can be selected as a SSID to achieve betterservices.

In an aspect, when the interference source that contributes to thedetermined change in the interference pattern is unknown to the system,the computing device 104 can receive necessary interference sourceinformation associated with the unknown interference source, and updatethe database (e.g., the database 124) accordingly. For example, thecomputing device 104 can determine from a new interference pattern atype of interference source of the new interference source. For example,the computing system can determine from similar existing interferencepatterns of interference signatures that the new interference source islikely a mobile phone. The computing device 104 can try to obtaininformation from the new interference source through a variety of mobilecommunication techniques. In an aspect, an authorized user (e.g., asystem administrator) can be prompted to acknowledge and/or register thenew interference source added to the system 100. In an aspect, thecomputing device 104 can determine the interference source is anunauthorized interference source. In an aspect, the computing device 104can signal a security system of a presence of the interference sourcewhen the interference source is an unauthorized interference source. Thesecurity system can alert the authorities to an intruder in the system.

In an aspect, a change in at least one characteristic of at least oneinterference source can be determined based on the change in theinterference pattern. As an example, the at least one characteristic cancomprise one or more of a position, a frequency, a modulation technique,an error correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, anetwork channel, an operation time, and the like.

In an aspect, the change in at least one characteristic can be a changein operation time. In this scenario, a beacon or a trigger can beestablished among the plurality of interference sources 102 a, 102 b,and 102 c such as a telephone, a printer, a microwave, a computer,and/or the like. For example, the computing device 104 can establish around robin schedule to enable each interference source 102 a, 102 b,and 102 c to take turns using a spectrum. In another aspect, the changein at least one characteristic can be a change in a power level. Forexample, the interference source 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c can coordinatethe power level with each other via the computing device 104 to reach aperformance level that is optimal.

In an aspect, a determined interference source and/or an associatedcharacteristic can be uncontrollable (e.g., 102 d). Examples ofuncontrollable interference sources can comprise weather conditions,celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. When the determinedinterference source is an uncontrollable interference source, then thecomputing device 104 can change characteristics such as positions,operation frequencies, operation channels, modulation techniques, errorcorrection techniques, power levels, and the like of a controllableinterference source (e.g., 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c) in the system 100.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating another example method 800. In step802, a first performance level of an interference source can bedetermined. The interference source can be a part of a system (e.g.,system 100) comprising a plurality of interference sources. In anaspect, the first performance level can be when a threshold performancelevel of a performance parameter of a device (e.g., an interferencesource, an electronic device) in the system 100 is exceeded. As anexample, one or more performance parameters, such as a number of errorsoccurring in the device, a speed of the device, and/or the like, can beat a threshold level that is not acceptable for the device. Theinterference source can signal a computing device (e.g., computingdevice 104) that the interference source is at the first performancelevel, which does not comply with the threshold performance level. In anaspect, the computing device 104 can monitor a performance level of eachof the plurality of interference sources. The computing device 104 candetermine when the first performance level is present at which athreshold performance level of a performance parameter is exceeded. Inan aspect, the first performance level can be a performance level wherethe interference source is not performing at an optimal level. In anaspect, the first performance level can be a performance level that isoptimal and/or is at a performance level that does comply with thethreshold performance level. However, the interference source can be aninterference source and/or device that the computing device 104determines is not an interference source that should be operating in thesystem 100 and therefore the computing device 104 can determine otherinterference sources which can be adjusted to interfere with theperformance level of the interference source. For example, theinterference source could be an unauthorized device to the system thatis malicious to the system. The computing device can detect theunauthorized device and cause other interference sources to produceinterference that will limit the performance of the unauthorized device.In an aspect, the computing device 104 can signal a security system of apresence of the interference source when the interference source is anunauthorized interference source.

In step 804, an interference pattern of the system can be determined. Asan example, the interference pattern can comprise one or more of: aradio interference pattern, a microwave interference pattern, aninfrared interference pattern, a visible light interference pattern, anultraviolet interference pattern, an X-ray interference pattern, acombination thereof, and the like. In an aspect, the interferencepattern can comprise a frequency spectrum associated with the pluralityof interference sources. In another aspect, the interference pattern cancomprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of sources associatedwith the frequency spectrum. As an example, the interference pattern canbe a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data in the form of spatialcoordinates of a specific location, an RSSI value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ,750 MHZ) and a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, LTE) at the specificlocation (e.g., GPS coordinates). The interference pattern can be storedin a database (e.g., the database 124) of the computing device 104.

In step 806, at least one characteristic of at least one of theplurality of interference sources can be adjusted. The at least onecharacteristic can be adjusted based on the interference pattern of thesystem and the first performance level. The adjustment of the at leastone characteristic can change the first performance level of theinterference source to a second performance level. In an aspect, thesecond performance level can be a performance level where theinterference sources can perform at an optimal performance level. In anaspect, the second performance level can be a performance level wherethe interference source is complying with a threshold performance level.In an aspect, the second performance level can be a performance levelthat is not optimal and/or is at performance level that does not complywith the threshold performance level. This result can occur when theinterference source is an interference source and/or device that thecomputing device 104 does not want to be operating on the system (e.g.,unauthorized interference source) and therefore the computing device 104may adjust at least one characteristic of other interference sources tointerfere with the performance level of the interference source.

In an aspect, the at least one characteristic can comprise one or moreof a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, an error correctiontechnique, a power level, a network protocol, a network channel, anoperation time, and the like. As an example of a change in at least onecharacteristic, network channels can be reassigned for a plurality ofaccess points within close proximity in a predefined area according tothe determined interference source and associated characteristic. Asanother example characteristic change, a beacon or a trigger can beestablished in the plurality of interference sources (e.g., 102 a, 102b, and 102 c). The computing device 104 can establish a round robinschedule to enable each interference source 102 a, 102 b, and 102 c totake turns using a spectrum. As another example, the interference source102 a, 102 b, and 102 c can coordinate power levels with each other viathe computing device 104 to minimize interference in the system 100.

As another example of a characteristic change, a first access point(AP1) can be configured to receive signals from a second access point(AP2) and a third access point (AP3). AP2 can be configured to transmitsignals from the AP3 to the AP1. When interference reduces a signaltransmission rate of the AP2, the AP3 can be configured to transmitsignals directly to the AP1. The characteristic change whereby signalsare sent to the AP1 from the AP3 can be achieved by AP1 switching to theAP3 service set identifier (SSID), which is stored as a backup. In anaspect, a power level can also be coordinated. For example, an AP2 powerlevel can be increased to overcome interference. As another example, asignal modulation can be modified to improve a signal noise ratiobetween the AP1 and the AP2. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)technology can also be used to create and/or generate a multiple pathtransmission.

In an aspect, a non-interfering channel can be selected. For example,when a microwave is in operation, signals of other interference sourcescan be transmitted in a frequency band that is different from amicrowave oven transmission frequency band. As another example, a WiFichannel can be selected to minimize undesired WiFi interferences. Inanother aspect, time phasing transmissions can be used to coordinatesignal transmissions in the same frequency band. For example, signalscan be transmitted and/or received when interference is not present. Assuch, timing of one or more interference sources can be determined toavoid signal transmission at an identified time. In another aspect,directional receivers can be used to reduce a device's sensitivity inthe direction of an interfering transmitter thereby limiting theinterference from the transmitter. Reducing sensitivity can beaccomplished, for example, by MIMO receivers. In an aspect, an extent ofan interference signal can be determined and the extent can besubtracted from a received signal to produce a real signal that isdesired.

In an aspect, power output can be coordinated for each of a plurality ofindependent networks through provisioning channel or a control channel.For example, a maximum transmit power of controllable transmitters canbe backed off by a predefined amount. The back off can be modified ifinterference is detected. The back off can avoid multiple networks toincrease power to overcome interference. The provisioning channel orcontrol channel can be implemented when a management entity (e.g., aninternet service provider) interconnects neighboring transmitters (e.g.,access points) in homes. In an aspect, devices can be coordinated thatdo not share a service provider if the devices are connected to acontrol entity (e.g., a provisioning channel or a control channel)through Internet or other communications paths.

In an aspect, a determined interference source and/or an associatedcharacteristic can be uncontrollable (e.g., 102 d). Examples ofuncontrollable interference sources can comprise weather conditions,celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. When the determinedinterference source is an uncontrollable interference source, then thecomputing device 104 can change characteristics such as positions,operation frequencies, operation channels, modulation techniques, errorcorrection techniques, power levels, and the like of a controllableinterference source (e.g., 102 a,102 b, and 102 c).

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device. Inan exemplary aspect, the methods and systems can be implemented on acomputer 901 as illustrated in FIG. 9 and described below. By way ofexample, user device 102, computing device 104 of FIG. 1 can be acomputer 901 as illustrated in FIG. 9 . Similarly, the methods andsystems disclosed can utilize one or more computers to perform one ormore functions in one or more locations. FIG. 9 is a block diagramillustrating an exemplary operating environment 900 for performing thedisclosed methods. This exemplary operating environment 900 is only anexample of an operating environment and is not intended to suggest anylimitation as to the scope of use or functionality of operatingenvironment architecture. Neither should the operating environment 900be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to anyone or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operatingenvironment 900.

The present methods and systems can be operational with numerous othergeneral purpose or special purpose computing system environments orconfigurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments,and/or configurations that can be suitable for use with the systems andmethods comprise, but are not limited to, personal computers, servercomputers, laptop devices, and multiprocessor systems. Additionalexamples comprise set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics,network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computingenvironments that comprise any of the above systems or devices, and thelike.

The processing of the disclosed methods and systems can be performed bysoftware components. The disclosed systems and methods can be describedin the general context of computer-executable instructions, such asprogram modules, being executed by one or more computers or otherdevices. Generally, program modules comprise computer code, routines,programs, objects, components, data structures, and/or the like thatperform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.The disclosed methods can also be practiced in grid-based anddistributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remoteprocessing devices that are linked through a communications network. Ina distributed computing environment, program modules can be located inlocal and/or remote computer storage media including memory storagedevices.

Further, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems andmethods disclosed herein can be implemented via a general-purposecomputing device in the form of a computer 901. The computer 901 cancomprise one or more components, such as one or more processors 903, asystem memory 912, and a bus 913 that couples various components of thecomputer 901 including the one or more processors 903 to the systemmemory 912. In the case of multiple processors 903, the system canutilize parallel computing.

The bus 913 can comprise one or more of several possible types of busstructures, such as a memory bus, memory controller, a peripheral bus,an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any ofa variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architecturescan comprise an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a MicroChannel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a VideoElectronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, an AcceleratedGraphics Port (AGP) bus, and a Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI),a PCI-Express bus, a Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association(PCMCIA), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and the like. The bus 913, and allbuses specified in this description can also be implemented over a wiredor wireless network connection and one or more of the components of thecomputer 901, such as the one or more processors 903, a mass storagedevice 904, an operating system 905, interference processing software906, interference data 907, a network adapter 908, system memory 912, anInput/Output Interface 910, a display adapter 909, a display device 911,and a human machine interface 902, can be contained within one or moreremote computing devices 914 a,b,c at physically separate locations,connected through buses of this form, in effect implementing a fullydistributed system.

The computer 901 typically comprises a variety of computer readablemedia. Exemplary readable media can be any available media that isaccessible by the computer 901 and comprises, for example and not meantto be limiting, both volatile and non-volatile media, removable andnon-removable media. The system memory 912 can comprise computerreadable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random accessmemory (RAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory(ROM). The system memory 912 typically can comprise data such asinterference data 907 and/or program modules such as operating system905 and interference processing software 906 that are accessible toand/or are operated on by the one or more processors 903.

In another aspect, the computer 901 can also comprise otherremovable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.By way of example, the computer 901 can comprise a mass storage device904 which can offer non-volatile storage of computer code, computerreadable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other datafor the computer 901. For example, a mass storage device 904 can be ahard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a removable optical disk, magneticcassettes or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory cards, CD-ROM,digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, random accessmemories (RAM), read only memories (ROM), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM), and the like.

Optionally, any number of program modules can be stored on the massstorage device 904, including by way of example, an operating system 905and interference processing software 906. One or more of the operatingsystem 905 and interference processing software 906 (or some combinationthereof) can comprise elements of the programming and the interferenceprocessing software 906. Interference data 907 can also be stored on themass storage device 904. Interference data 907 can be stored in any ofone or more databases known in the art. Examples of such databasescomprise, DB2®, Microsoft® Access, Microsoft® SQL Server, Oracle®,mySQL, PostgreSQL, and the like. The databases can be centralized ordistributed across multiple locations within the network 915.

In another aspect, the user can enter commands and information into thecomputer 901 via an input device (not shown). Examples of such inputdevices comprise, but are not limited to, a keyboard, pointing device(e.g., a computer mouse, remote control), a microphone, a joystick, ascanner, tactile input devices such as gloves, and other body coverings,motion sensor, and the like These and other input devices can beconnected to the one or more processors 903 via a human machineinterface 902 that is coupled to the bus 913, but can be connected byother interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port,an IEEE 1394 Port (also known as a Firewire port), a serial port,network adapter 908, and/or a universal serial bus (USB).

In yet another aspect, a display device 911 can also be connected to thebus 913 via an interface, such as a display adapter 909. It iscontemplated that the computer 901 can have more than one displayadapter 909 and the computer 901 can have more than one display device911. For example, a display device 911 can be a monitor, an LCD (LiquidCrystal Display), light emitting diode (LED) display, television, smartlens, smart glass, and/or a projector. In addition to the display device911, other output peripheral devices can comprise components such asspeakers (not shown) and a printer (not shown) which can be connected tothe computer 901 via Input/Output Interface 910. Any step and/or resultof the methods can be output in any form to an output device. Suchoutput can be any form of visual representation, including, but notlimited to, textual, graphical, animation, audio, tactile, and the like.The display 911 and computer 901 can be part of one device, or separatedevices.

The computer 901 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections to one or more remote computing devices 914 a, 914 b, and914 c. By way of example, a remote computing device 914 a, 914 b, and914 c can be a personal computer, a computing station (e.g., aworkstation), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, a mobile phone, atablet device), a smart device (e.g., a smartphone, a smart watch, anactivity tracker, a smart apparel, a smart accessory), a security and/ormonitoring device, a server, a router, a network computer, a peerdevice, an edge device or other common network node, and so on. Logicalconnections between the computer 901 and a remote computing device 914a, 914 b, and 914 c can be made via a network 915, such as a local areanetwork (LAN) and/or a general wide area network (WAN). Such networkconnections can be through a network adapter 908. A network adapter 908can be implemented in both wired and wireless environments. Suchnetworking environments are conventional and commonplace in dwellings,offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.

For purposes of illustration, application programs and other executableprogram components such as the operating system 905 are illustratedherein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programsand components can reside at various times in different storagecomponents of the computer 901, and are executed by the one or moreprocessors 903 of the computer 901. An implementation of interferenceprocessing software 906 can be stored on or transmitted across some formof computer readable media. Any of the disclosed methods can beperformed by computer readable instructions embodied on computerreadable media. Computer readable media can be any available media thatcan be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not meant to belimiting, computer readable media can comprise “computer storage media”and “communications media.” “Computer storage media” can comprisevolatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implementedin any methods or technology for storage of information such as computerreadable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.Exemplary computer storage media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flashmemory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD)or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other mediumwhich can be used to store the desired information and which can beaccessed by a computer.

The methods and systems can employ artificial intelligence (AI)techniques such as machine learning and iterative learning. Examples ofsuch techniques include, but are not limited to, expert systems, casebased reasoning, Bayesian networks, behavior based AI, neural networks,fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation (e.g., a genetic algorithms),swarm intelligence (e.g., an ant algorithms), and hybrid intelligentsystems (e.g., expert inference rules generated through a neural networkor production rules from statistical learning).

While the methods and systems have been described in connection withpreferred embodiments and specific examples, it is not intended that thescope be limited to the particular embodiments set forth, as theembodiments herein are intended in all respects to be illustrativerather than restrictive.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that anymethod set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps beperformed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim doesnot actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is nototherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that thesteps are to be limited to a specific order, it is no way intended thatan order be inferred, in any respect. This holds for any possiblenon-express basis for interpretation, including: matters of logic withrespect to arrangement of steps or operational flow; plain meaningderived from grammatical organization or punctuation; the number or typeof embodiments described in the specification.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made without departing from thescope or spirit. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice disclosedherein. It is intended that the specification and examples be consideredas exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by thefollowing claims.

What is claims is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, by a computingdevice, interference data associated with an interference source;determining, based on the interference data, the interference source;and causing, based on the interference source, adjustment of at leastone characteristic of a user device to mitigate interference associatedwith the interference source.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein theinterference data comprises at least one of: radio interference data,microwave interference data, infrared interference data, visible lightinterference data, ultraviolet interference data, X-ray interferencedata, weather, or any combination thereof.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein determining the interference source comprises: determining,based on the interference data, a location of an interference pattern;and determining, based on the location of the interference pattern, theinterference source.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining, based on the interference data, a location of theinterference source, wherein causing the adjustment of the at least onecharacteristic comprises causing, based on the location of theinterference source, a change in a location of the user device.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein causing the adjustment of the at least onecharacteristic comprises causing at least one of: a change to aposition, a change to a frequency, a change to a network channel, achange to a power level, a change to a beacon, a change to a trigger, achange to a schedule, or a change to a performance level of the userdevice.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining theinterference source is an uncontrollable interference source.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: determining, based on theinterference data, a frequency of an interference pattern for theinterference source, wherein causing the adjustment of the at least onecharacteristic comprises causing, based on the frequency of theinterference pattern, a network channel change at the user device.
 8. Anapparatus comprising: one or more processors; and memory storingprocessor-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, cause the apparatus to: receive interference data associatedwith an interference source; determine, based on the interference data,the interference source; and cause, based on the interference source,adjustment of at least one characteristic of a user device to mitigateinterference associated with the interference source.
 9. The apparatusof claim 8, wherein the interference data comprises at least one of:radio interference data, microwave interference data, infraredinterference data, visible light interference data, ultravioletinterference data, X-ray interference data, weather, or any combinationthereof.
 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor-executableinstructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causethe apparatus to determine the interference source, cause the apparatusto: determine, based on the interference data, a location of aninterference pattern; and determine, based on the location of theinterference pattern, the interference source.
 11. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed bythe one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to: determine,based on the interference data, a location of the interference source,wherein the processor-executable instructions that, when executed by theone or more processors, cause the apparatus to cause the adjustment ofthe at least one characteristic, cause the apparatus to cause, based onthe location of the interference source, a change in a location of theuser device.
 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein theprocessor-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, cause the apparatus to cause the adjustment of the at leastone characteristic, cause the apparatus to cause at least one of: achange to a position, a change to a frequency, a change to a networkchannel, a change to a power level, a change to a beacon, a change to atrigger, a change to a schedule, or a change to a performance level ofthe user device.
 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein theprocessor-executable instructions, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, further cause the apparatus to determine the interferencesource is an uncontrollable interference source.
 14. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed bythe one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to: determine,based on the interference data, a frequency of an interference patternfor the interference source, wherein the processor-executableinstructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causethe apparatus to cause the adjustment of the at least onecharacteristic, cause the apparatus to cause, based on the frequency ofthe interference pattern, a network channel change at the user device.15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storingprocessor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least oneprocessor, cause the at least one processor to: receive interferencedata associated with an interference source; determine, based on theinterference data, the interference source; and cause, based on theinterference source, adjustment of at least one characteristic of a userdevice to mitigate interference associated with the interference source.16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15,wherein the interference data comprises at least one of: radiointerference data, microwave interference data, infrared interferencedata, visible light interference data, ultraviolet interference data,X-ray interference data, weather, or any combination thereof.
 17. Theone or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, whereinthe processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the atleast one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine theinterference source, cause the at least one processor to: determine,based on the interference data, a location of an interference pattern;and determine, based on the location of the interference pattern, theinterference source.
 18. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the processor-executableinstructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further causethe at least one processor to: determine, based on the interferencedata, a location of the interference source, wherein theprocessor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at leastone processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the adjustmentof the at least one characteristic, cause the at least one processor tocause, based on the location of the interference source, a change in alocation of the user device.
 19. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the processor-executableinstructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causethe at least one processor to cause the adjustment of the at least onecharacteristic, cause the at least one processor to cause at least oneof: a change to a position, a change to a frequency, a change to anetwork channel, a change to a power level, a change to a beacon, achange to a trigger, a change to a schedule, or a change to aperformance level of the user device.
 20. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the processor-executableinstructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further causethe at least one processor to determine the interference source is anuncontrollable interference source.
 21. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the processor-executableinstructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further causethe at least one processor to: determine, based on the interferencedata, a frequency of an interference pattern for the interferencesource, wherein the processor-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processorto cause the adjustment of the at least one characteristic, cause the atleast one processor to cause, based on the frequency of the interferencepattern, a network channel change at the user device.
 22. A systemcomprising: a computing device configured to: receive interference dataassociated with an interference source; determine, based on theinterference data, the interference source; and cause, based on theinterference source, adjustment of at least one characteristic of a userdevice to mitigate interference associated with the interference source;and the user device, configured to: receive an indication of theadjustment of the at least one characteristic of the user device. 23.The system of claim 22, wherein the interference data comprises at leastone of: radio interference data, microwave interference data, infraredinterference data, visible light interference data, ultravioletinterference data, X-ray interference data, weather, or any combinationthereof.
 24. The system of claim 22, wherein to determine theinterference source the computing device is configured to: determine,based on the interference data, a location of an interference pattern;and determine, based on the location of the interference pattern, theinterference source.
 25. The system of claim 22, wherein the computingdevice is further configured to: determine, based on the interferencedata, a location of the interference source, wherein to cause theadjustment of the at least one characteristic, the computing device isconfigured to cause, based on the location of the interference source, achange in a location of the user device.
 26. The system of claim 22,wherein to cause the adjustment of the at least one characteristic, thecomputing device is configured to cause at least one of: a change to aposition, a change to a frequency, a change to a network channel, achange to a power level, a change to a beacon, a change to a trigger, achange to a schedule, or a change to a performance level of the userdevice.
 27. The system of claim 22, wherein the computing device isfurther configured to determine the interference source is anuncontrollable interference source.
 28. The system of claim 22, whereinthe computing device is further configured to: determine, based on theinterference data, a frequency of an interference pattern for theinterference source, wherein to cause the adjustment of the at least onecharacteristic, the computing device is configured to cause, based onthe frequency of the interference pattern, a network channel change atthe user device.